© The contents of this finding aid are the copyright of the University of Chicago Library
© 2009 University of Chicago Library
The portions of the Morris Janowitz Collection that are identified in series headings as addenda were processed as part of the HEA Title II-C project, "Preserving and Improving Access to Social Science Manuscript Collections at the University of Chicago Library."
The collection is open for research, with the exception of materials in Series XVII, Evaluations, which are restricted for 80 years from date of record creation.
Documents in Series XVI, Psychological Warfare Documents are available as digital files attached to this guide. The original paper documents are not available for circulation due to their fragile condition.
Original documents, texts, and images represented by digital images linked to this finding aid are subject to U. S. copyright law. It is the user's sole responsibility to secure any necessary copyright permission to reproduce or publish documents, texts, and images from any holders of rights in the original materials.
The University of Chicago Library, in its capacity as owner of the physical property represented by the digital images linked to this finding aid, encourages the use of these materials for educational and scholarly purposes. Any reproduction or publication from these digital images requires that the following credit line be included: Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
The images presented here may include materials reflecting the attitudes, language, and stereotypes of an earlier time period. These materials are presented as historical resources in support of study and research. Inclusion of such materials does not constitute an endorsement of their content by the University of Chicago.
The University of Chicago Library appreciates hearing from anyone who may have information about any of the images in this collection.
When quoting material from this collection, the preferred citation is: Morris Janowitz. Collection, [Box #, Folder #], Hanna Holborn Gray Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library
Morris Janowitz was born on October 22, 1919 to Samuel and Rose Janowitz, Polish immigrants living in Paterson, New Jersey. He attended Washington Square College of New York University from 1937 to 1941, graduating with a B.A. in economics. As World War II began, he went to work for the Department of Justice Special War Policies Unit until he was drafted in 1943. Janowitz was assigned to the Research and Analysis Branch of the Office of Strategic Services and sent to work for the Psychological Warfare Division at the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in London, where he analyzed German radio broadcasts. Janowitz's later sociological studies of the military, mass communications, and propaganda were ultimately rooted in the interests he developed and the early training he received during the war.
When World War II ended, Janowitz went to the University of Chicago, where he earned his Ph.D. in sociology in 1948. He became an instructor at the University of Chicago in 1947, and was promoted to assistant professor when he finished his dissertation the following year. He published The Dynamics of Prejudice with Bruno Bettelheim in 1950. In 1951 he left for the University of Michigan. There he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming an associate professor in 1953 and a full professor in 1957. In 1959 he published Sociology and the Military Establishment; it was followed in 1960 by The Professional Soldier.
In 1961, Janowitz was invited back to the University of Chicago as a visiting professor in the Graduate School of Business. The following year he rejoined the University of Chicago's Department of Sociology and stayed for the rest of his career. He served as chair of the department from 1967-1972. Janowitz revitalized the study of sociology at Chicago by founding the Center for Social and Organization Studies, bringing in his Inter-University Seminar for the Study of the Armed Forces and Society from the University of Michigan and seeking out foundation money to support other workshops and programs. In 1974, he founded Armed Forces and Society, a journal closely linked to the Inter-University Seminar, and served as its editor for almost 10 years.
In 1978 Janowitz published The Last Half-Century: Societal Change and Politics in America, which won the Laing Prize, the highest honor bestowed on books written by University of Chicago faculty and published by the University of Chicago Press. His final book, published in 1985, was entitled The Reconstruction of Patriotism: Education for Civic Consciousness, and could be described as Janowitz's prescription to solve some of the problems of advanced industrial democracies that he had detailed in The Last Half-Century.
Janowitz died of Parkinson's disease on November 7, 1988. Some of the honors he received over the course of his career include the Army's Decoration for Distinguished Civilian Service (1977), an honorary doctorate from the University of Toulouse (1977), a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship (1976), and the Distinguished Scholarship Award of the American Sociological Association (1984). He was also the first scholar to hold the S.L.A. Marshall chair at the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in Alexandria, VA (1986).
The papers of Morris Janowitz, professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago, are the records of his scholarly and professional career spanning a period of twenty-five years during which he established himself as a leading scholar and teacher in his discipline. The papers cover his early research at the University of Chicago following World War II, his tenure on the University’s faculty (1947-1951) and at the University of Michigan (from 1951), and his work after his return to Chicago in 1961. The collection includes research data, correspondence, topical files, manuscripts, and the papers of students and colleagues.
Most of the research data was gathered by Professor Janowitz during his studies of the military, from which he produced his important work, The Professional Soldier, as well as other monographs. The correspondence and subject files contain papers relating to his association with the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society and with other individuals and groups interested in the sociological study of the military. Professor Janowitz’s earlier scholarly interests, especially mass communication and prejudice, are also represented. After his return to the University of Chicago in 1961 he became Director of the Center for Social Organization Studies, a research group designed to generate individual scholarship on the community organization and social institutions in the city. The Janowitz collection contains materials relating to the monographs published by the University of Chicago which carried on the traditions of the Chicago school of sociology.
The correspondence and subject files also document Professor Janowitz’s numerous professional associations with a variety of organizations, including the American Sociological Association and International Sociological Association, foundations, academic publishers, federal and local governmental agencies, and Chicago community organizations. The collection includes papers written by Professor Janowitz and by his students while he was a member of the faculty and, after 1967, chairman of the Department of Sociology.
The organization of the papers, including grouping of papers within individual folders, preserves the original order established by Professor Janowitz. Series VIII through Series XVI of this collection are addenda received after the initial groups of files. Several of the series headings duplicate each other; therefore it is recommended that the researcher check all appropriate series for the information needed, i.e. correspondence.
The following related resources are located in the Department of Special Collections:
This series is arranged chronologically and contains correspondence for the years 1945 to 1974. The correspondence includes papers relating to Janowitz’s association with the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society and with other individuals and groups interested in the sociological study of the military. See also Series IX.
Series II, Subject Files, documents Janowitz’s numerous professional relationships with a variety of organizations, including the American and International Sociological Associations, foundations, academic publishers, federal and local governmental agencies, and Chicago community organizations.
Some of these groups include: the American Sociological Association, Campbell Committee on Urban Education, Carnegie Corporation, Center for Social Organization Studies, Committee for Comparative Study of New Nations, Disarmament Project, Hyde Park-Kenwood Community Conference, International Sociological Association, Inter-University Seminar on Military Organization, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the University of Chicago Department of Sociology. See also Series X.
Series III, Texts, Abstracts, and Proposals of University of Chicago M.A. and Ph.D. Theses, has been arranged alphabetically by author.
This series contains research data compiled by Janowitz on the military. It includes interviews with German, British, and American soldiers. The series also includes data compiled on communications and mass media and drafts of his book The Professional Soldier.
The papers in Series V, Drafts of Papers by Janowitz, have been arranged in alphabetical order by title.
The papers in Series VI, Manuscripts and Reports, have been arranged alphabetically by author.
This series contains oversize materials such as maps and charts.
Series VIII contains biographical information about Janowitz's professional life. It includes records of awards and honors, including some materials concerning a Festschrift volume in his honor.
Series IX consists primarily of professional correspondence and covers the period from the 1950s to the 1980s. It has been divided into two subseries: (1) Professional and (2) Personal. Of note to the researcher, Janowitz filed correspondence chronologically, but he usually made copies and filed them by sender or institution. See also Series I.
Series X, Subject Files Addenda, was organized by Janowitz to supplement his chronological files. Some headings include: American Sociological Association, Center for Social Organization Studies, Ford Foundation, Heritage of Sociology series, International Sociological Association, University of Chicago (including the Department of Sociology and the University of Chicago Press), and the Vietnam Offender Study amnesty project. See also Series II.
Series XI, Research Files Addenda, contains newspaper clippings, survey data, correspondence, and assorted handwritten notes. The files have been arranged according to subject or project. Some of the significant projects include Janowitz’s Detroit area study, the History of Chicago sociology, his World War II research, and the Citizenship project. Also included are the research files that formed the basis for his book The Reconstruction of Patriotism. Other research and documentation for that manuscript are found interfiled with the manuscript itself (see Series XII: Writings Addenda). This series also includes much of Janowitz's collected research on the military, as well as numerous National Opinion Research Center surveys.
Series XII, Writings Addenda, contains a 1985 bibliography of Janowitz's writings, and a small selection of reprints of articles written by Janowitz. The series also includes manuscripts of his books, including 8 boxes of manuscript and documentation material for The Last Half-Century, and 5 boxes for The Reconstruction of Patriotism. The remaining material in the series consists of assorted articles, lectures, and conference papers by Janowitz. They are arranged alphabetically by title, or by subject if there was no title.
Series XIII is divided into three subseries. The first subseries, General, includes class lists, bibliographies, and material concerning the ROTC summer program at the University of Chicago. Subseries 2, Background Course Materials, consists of general materials on such topics as comparative sociology and social change. Finally, subseries 3, Syllabi, Lecture notes, Examinations and Class Materials, has been organized by course number.
Series XIV contains dissertation drafts, dissertation proposals, and dissertations for many of the students Morris Janowitz advised during his career at the University of Chicago. The series has been arranged alphabetically. Very few have notes or comments by Janowitz; most are simply the formal copy distributed by the department with a notice to the faculty about the defense date or proposal defense date.
Series XV is divided into five subseries: General; Correspondence; Armed Forces and Society; Conference Papers; and Miscellaneous. The first subseries, General, include address lists, administrative and financial records, and a list of fellows of the seminar. Subseries 2, Correspondence, is arranged chronologically. Subseries 3, the files concerning the IUS publication Armed Forces and Society include some correspondence and a number of articles submitted to the journal for publication.
The most significant part of this series is its collection of conference papers, located in Subseries 4, from various IUS workshops and conferences throughout the 1970s and 1980s, including most of the papers from the IUS 20th anniversary symposium in 1980. There are also a number of conference papers that are related to the military but appear not to have been presented in an IUS forum.
This series consists of intelligence material produced by several groups during the last stages of World War II and the early months of the Allied occupation of Germany. The reports deal with the war in terms of the psychological and social state of participants. Within this context, nearly every relevant aspect of German life during this period is covered in these papers. The series is divided into four subseries: Weekly Intelligence Summaries for Psychological Warfare; Information Control Intelligence Summaries; Topical Reports of the Intelligence Section, Psychological Warfare Division; and Miscellaneous Intelligence Reports.
The series begins with thirty-one weekly intelligence summaries for psychological warfare issued by the Intelligence Section of the Psychological Warfare Division, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force. They deal with the psychological and social effects of the invasion and occupation of Germany, October, 1944 to June, 1945. The reports concentrate on popular reactions as revealed in surveys of German prisoners of war, civilian interviews in occupied cities, and underground reports on conditions in Nazi controlled areas. The earlier documents are divided into four basic groups: German home front; battle front; Wehrmacht morale; and France. Later reports concern only the German home front and Wehrmacht morale.
Ten documents, formally titled Information Control Intelligence Summaries, and produced by the United States Group Control Council - Information Services Division, cover the period July to September, 1945, continuing the wartime analysis of the earlier psychological warfare documents into the difficult months immediately following German capitulation. Many of the problems of the recovery period are explored, forming a bridge between the end of the fighting and the onset of the Marshall Plan and German reconstruction. War guilt, attitudes of the youth, Allied de-Nazification policies, education, cultural activities, ecclesiastical reconstruction, emerging politicians including Dr. Adenauer and developing Soviet-American tensions all fall within the purview of these reports.
The nineteen topical reports issued by the Intelligence Section of the Psychological Warfare Division, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force date from September 29, 1944 to March 15, 1945. Each individual document concentrates on a specific aspect of the European situation. Close to half of the reports are surveys of prisoners of war concerning various attitudes of the German civilian and military population. Other documents look at political reconstruction in France and the status of French resistance groups.
The remainder of the series consists of miscellaneous intelligence documents issued from various sources. Several are studies of Wehrmacht morale dating from the summer of 1944. Two reports deal with individual German cities under the occupation and one examines the postwar situation in general. In subseries 4, Folder 21 contains a "black and gray" list of prominent Germans, most in media and the arts, who had not received employment clearances from the army of occupation due to past associations with the Nazi government.
As intelligence reports and military documents, these papers present a clear, thoroughly synthesized analysis of popular German attitudes at the close of World War II. They are helpful in understanding the National Socialist period and the problems of postwar Germany.
Documents in Series XVI, Psychological Warfare Documents are available as digital files attached to this guide. The original paper documents are not available for circulation due to their fragile condition.
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Series XVI, Evaluations, is restricted for 80 years from date of record creation. The series consists primarily of student recommendations. The series also contains student grade records.