Between 1870 and 1943 at least forty-five African Americans completed PhDs at the University of Chicago, more than at any other University. These alumni include the first African Americans to earn PhDs in medicine, education, business, and library science as well as the first African American woman to earn a PhD. Other African American students who took AB and AM degrees also went on to exceptionally distinguished scholarly careers. Cases 9- 16 introduce you to a few of them.
Monroe Nathan Work was born in 1866 to ex-slaves. The need to work to support ill family members slowed his schooling. He started high school at the age of 23 in Kansas and, upon completion, tried his hand as a teacher, preacher, and farmer before determining to enter seminary in Chicago.
After completing a theological degree in 1898, he entered the University of Chicago where he took an AB and AM in Sociology in 1902 and 1903. During this time, he published "The Negro and Crime in Chicago," the first scholarly article by an African American to be published in the American Journal of Sociology (1901).
At the University of Chicago Work acquired a belief in facts and rigorous scholarship as a foundation for social progress. In his work as a mature scholar, he straddled the line between W. E. B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington in their debate over whether a liberal or vocational education would do most to advance the cause of racial equality.
In 1908 Work took a position as founding Director of a new Department of Records and Research at Washington's Tuskegee Institute and from that position aggressively advanced empirical research into African American experience. Work's major publication, the annual Negro Year Book, cataloged a remarkable array of demographic details about early 20th century African American life. Importantly, these texts also catalogued lynching statistics and, in so doing, finally helped focus the attention of American citizens on this problem.
Work served in this capacity at Tuskegee until retirement in 1938 but remained at the Institute continuing his work until he died in 1947.
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1. Booker T. Washington. The story of the Negro, the rise of the race from slavery. New York: Association Press, 1909. Vol. 1-2. General Collections.
Booker T. Washington acknowledges the importance of Work's research in the preface to his own book, The Story of the Negro. Interestingly, we can see that Chicago's present 4th Ward Alderman, Toni Preckwinkle, herself read this book when she was an undergraduate at the University of Chicago in the 1970s. |
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2. Photograph of Monroe Nathan Work in "Social Progress." Opportunity, a Journal of Negro Life. Vol. 3, no. 25, 1925. General Collections. |
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4. Negro Year Book, an Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro. Tuskegee: Negro Year Book Publishing Co., 1913. 5th Anniversary ed. General Collections. |
