Barnard Logbook README

Background
Edward Emerson Barnard was a prolific observer and a pioneer in the field of 
astrophotography.  He perfected the art of taking high-quality photographs of 
astronomical objects on glass plates while at Lick Observatory 1887 - 1895, and 
continued this work after joining the Yerkes Observatory staff in 1895 until 
his death in 1922.  Someone in the 1930s, probably Barnard’s niece and frequent 
assistant Mary Calvert, prepared a catalogue of Barnard’s plates as well as of 
several other plate series held by the observatory.  This catalog is known as 
the “Barnard Logbook.” 

The Barnard Logbook contains nine sections giving the information on the 
plates in a number of plate series.  The sections are
  I. MILKY WAY, MOON, etc -- with the Bruce Photographic Telescope 1904 - 1922. 
     [Series B10, B6, B3, etc]. Pages 1-85. Additional plates added on pages 98d-98m.
  Ia. MILKY WAY, etc.  Positives and 2nd negatives of photographs made with the 
     Willard lens of the Lick Observatory 1892 - 1895 (original negatives at Lick 
     Observatory).  [Series L].  Pages 90-97. Additional plates 98a-98c.
  II. CLUSTERS, NEBULAE, etc. -- made with the 40-inch refractor, with color filters, 
     1900-1922. [Series F].  Pages 104-119.
  III. PLANETS, etc. - made with the 40-inch refractor. using an enlarging lens and 
     color filter, 1905-1910. [Series FP]. Pages 124-127. Additional plates 182-183
  IV. PLANETS, CLUSTERS, NEBULAE, etc. -- made with the 60-inch reflector of the Mount 
     Wilson Observatory, November 1911 [Series 60-PN]. Pages 131-133
  V. COMETS -- made with the Bruce Photographic telescope, etc., 1900-1922. [Series C]. 
     Page 138-165.  Additional plates 176-177.
  Va. COMETS -- Positives and 2nd negatives of photographs made with the Willard lens 
     of the Lick Observatory 1889 - 1894 (original negatives at Lick Observatory). 
     [Series LC]. Pages 170-172.
  VI. CLUSTERS, NEBULAE, etc. -- made with the 40-inch refractor, with color filter, 
     by G.W.Ritchey in 1900 and 1901. [Series F Ry].  pages 98r-98t.
  VII. HALLEY’S COMET -- photographs by j. C. Duncan [Series HD].  Pages 174-175.
  VIII. Photographs made by F.R. Sullivan, with a 6-inch lens attached to the 40-inch 
     tube during exposures for spec. [Series S].  Page 178-180

The remainder of this README file refers to the Section I plates.

Telescopes
Most of the plates considered here were taken by E. E. Barnard with the the Bruce 
Photographic Telescope (see Barnard, Astrophys. J., 21, 35-48, 1905).  This instru-
ment, installed in 1904 April, actually consisted of three co-mounted telescopes: 
two photographic refactors of 10- and 6¼-inch aperture and a five-inch guiding 
telescope. The original 6¼-inch lens was replaced in 1905 with a 5.7-inch UV- 
transmitting one. A number of other lenses were used from time to time to obtain 
plates that are also included in the log. This is particularly the case for Barnard’s 
earliest Yerkes plates that were taken with a variety of lenses before the Bruce 
Telescope was available. The telescopes recorded in the log are:
  10-inch Bruce: 10-in (25-cm) aperture and 50-in (128-cm) focal length giving a 
     scale of 160"/mm (1.1 degrees per inch).  
   6-inch Bruce: 6-in (15-cm) aperture and 31-in (79-cm) focal length giving a 
     scale of 250"/mm (1.8 degrees per inch). 
   3-inch Ross:  3-in photographic and photovisual lenses with a scale of 390"/mm 
     (2.5 degrees per inch)   
   Clark lens: 3.4-inch (8.5-cm) aperture and 20-inch (51-cm) focal length 
     giving a scale of about 6.8'/mm (2.8 degrees per inch).
   Hale lantern lens:  1.6-inch (4-cm) aperture and 6.3-in (16-cm) focal 
     length giving a scale of about  20'/mm (9 degrees per inch)   
Other lenses mentioned in the log: 6.25-inch Voightlander, 4.5-inch Brashear lens, 
Zeiss lens, 4-inch H.C.O. Cooke lens, Darlot lens, 1-inch Brashear lens, 2¼-inch 
Bausch & Lomb Tessar lens, Mr. Swasey’s wide angle, Dr. Isham's Voightlander 
Euryscope lens, Mr. Stone's 6-in Voightlander, Dr. Mees' 4-inch aeroplane lens

The observatory location was: longitude = 88° 33’ W, latitude = 42° 34’ N.

Plates and Plate Series
The plate catalog contains plates taken 1897 - 1936.  Plates taken with the 
10-inch lens are denoted the 10B series, those with the 6-inch lens the 6B 
series and those with one of the several 3-inch lenses the 3B series. Plates 
in the Bd series were taken with a variety of other lenses as were the 
earliest plates. In most cases multiple plates were taken with two or more lenses 
simultaneously (which allows plate defects to be easily distinguished from 
true celestial objects). Simultaneous plates have the same plate number but a 
different series name. For example, there are Plates 10B-68, 6B-68 and Bd-68, all 
taken on 1904-05-15 at the same time of the M11 field with the 10-inch camera, 
the 6-inch camera and the Hale lantern lens.  The earliest Barnard plates - 
before 1900 - were often given a Roman Numeral plate number rather than an Arabic 
number designation.

The 10-B plates measure 12 x 12-inch (with a few exceptions), the 6B plates 
are 8 x 10-inch, and plates in the other series range from 6.5 x 8.5-inch 
down to 3 x 5-inch.
 
The Logbook
The Barnard Logbook is at the University of Chicago. The entire book has been 
scanned and is available on-line. However, the book contained a number of inserted 
notes and these were also scanned which somewhat confuses browsing the entries.

The Searchable files
There are two csv files that can be viewed or downloaded to search for plates of 
interest.  The “Barnard-Full.CSV” file lists the plates by date.  The 
“Barnard-By-Dec.CSV” file is the Full CSV file sorted by decreasing declination 
which allows a quicker way to see if the collection contains plates of interest.  
An "Additional Notes.CSV” file provides any detailed notes on a plate from the 
logbook that were too extensive to be included in the notes column of the 
Full CSV file. Any cell in a CSV file that is blank indicates there is no 
information available or it has yet to be calculated (for example, a time of 
mid-exposure when the start time and end time are known).

Description of the columns of the csv files
Record number - Record number in the catalog
Plate series - 10B 6B, 3B or Bd
Plate number - Identifying number of the plate
Date - The date the plate was exposed as recorded.  Some dates are listed in 
     double-day format. 
Object - The target field or object of the exposure.  
RA - Right ascension of the plate center (equinox as recorded) 
Dec - Declination of the plate center (equinox as recorded) 
Length of exposure -  Exposure length (in minutes unless otherwise noted)
Exposure Start - Start time of the exposure as recorded 
Exposure Mid - Mid-time of the exposure (if recorded or calculated)
Exposure End - End time of the exposure (when recorded)
Time type -  Type of time used when recorded. CST can be assumed if blank.  Sid = 
   local sidereal time.
Emulsion + Filter - Emulsion type and filter used (if any)
Plate dimensions - physical size of the plates, in inches
Observer - Recorded observer.  Usually E.E. Barnard if no entry
Location -  Location of plate when this catalogue was prepared: Yerkes, Univ.
  of Chicago.  Blank indicates that plate not in vault.  X indicate plate has 
  been discarded
Notes - Notes recorded in the log book.  Longer notes are in the Additional 
  Notes file which includes a code for the camera lenses used.

Observers:  
E. E. Barnard, R.J. Wallace, AHJ = A. H. Joy, AWR = A.W. Recht, I. Yamsmoto

File prepared:  2022 October 12