Selected Bibliography for Nicholas Epley

John Templeton Keller Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science

Home page of Nicholas Epley
Nicholas Epley author profile at Scopus

Published Works

"Undersociality: Miscalibrated Social Cognition Can Inhibit Social Connection." Nicholas Epley, Michael Kardas, Xuan Zhao, Stav Atir and Juliana Schroeder; Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2022, 26(5), pp. 406-18.

"Too Reluctant to Reach Out: Receiving Social Support Is More Positive Than Expressers Expect." James A. Dungan, David M. Munguia Gomez and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2022, pp. 09567976221082942.

"Overly Shallow?: Miscalibrated Expectations Create a Barrier to Deeper Conversation." Michael Kardas, Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2022, 122(3), pp. 367-98.

"Hello, Stranger? Pleasant Conversations Are Preceded by Concerns About Starting One." Juliana Schroeder, Donald Lyons and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2022, 151(5), pp. 1141-53.

"Insufficiently Complimentary?: Underestimating the Positive Impact of Compliments Creates a Barrier to Expressing Them." Xuan Zhao and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2021, 121(2), pp. 239-56.

"It’s Surprisingly Nice to Hear You: Misunderstanding the Impact of Communication Media Can Lead to Suboptimal Choices of How to Connect with Others." Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2021, 150(3), pp. 595-607.

"Kind Words Do Not Become Tired Words: Undervaluing the Positive Impact of Frequent Compliments." Xuan Zhao and Nicholas Epley; Self and Identity, 2021, 20(1), pp. 25-46.

"Demeaning: Dehumanizing Others by Minimizing the Importance of Their Psychological Needs." Juliana Schroeder and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2020, 119(4), pp. 765-91.

"Escalation of Negative Social Exchange: Reflexive Punishment or Deliberative Deterrence?" James Vandermeer, Christine Hosey, Nicholas Epley and Boaz Keysar; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2019, 84, pp. 103823.

"How to Design an Ethical Organization." Nicholas Epley and Amit Kumar; Harvard Business Review, 2019, 97(3), pp. 144-50.

" Through a Looking Glass, Darkly: Using Mechanisms of Mind Perception to Identify Accuracy, Overconfidence, and Underappreciated Means for Improvement," Nicholas Epley and Tal Eyal, in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. J. M. Olson, Academic Press, 2019, pp. 65-120.

"Undervaluing Gratitude: Expressers Misunderstand the Consequences of Showing Appreciation." Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2018, 29(9), pp. 1423-35.

"A Mind Like Mine: The Exceptionally Ordinary Underpinnings of Anthropomorphism." Nicholas Epley; Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2018, 3(4), pp. 591-98.

"Perspective Mistaking: Accurately Understanding the Mind of Another Requires Getting Perspective, Not Taking Perspective." Tal Eyal, Mary Steffel and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2018, 114(4), pp. 547-71.

"Inferring Perspective Versus Getting Perspective: Underestimating the Value of Being in Another Person’s Shoes." Haotian Zhou, Elizabeth A. Majka and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2017, 28(4), pp. 482-93.

"Endorsing Help for Others That You Oppose for Yourself: Mind Perception Alters the Perceived Effectiveness of Paternalism." Juliana Schroeder, Adam Waytz and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2017, 146(8), pp. 1106-25.

"Less Evil Than You: Bounded Self-Righteousness in Character Inferences, Emotional Reactions, and Behavioral Extremes." Nadav Klein and Nicholas Epley; Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2017, 43(8), pp. 1202-12.

"Exaggerating Accessible Differences: When Gender Stereotypes Overestimate Actual Group Differences." Tal Eyal and Nicholas Epley; Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2017, 43(9), pp. 1323-36.

"The Humanizing Voice: Speech Reveals, and Text Conceals, a More Thoughtful Mind in the Midst of Disagreement." Juliana Schroeder, Michael Kardas and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2017, 28(12), pp. 1745-62.

"Maybe Holier, but Definitely Less Evil, Than You: Bounded Self-Righteousness in Social Judgment." Nadav Klein and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2016, 110(5), pp. 660-74.

"Many Hands Make Overlooked Work: Over-Claiming of Responsibility Increases with Group Size." Juliana Schroeder, Eugene M. Caruso and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2016, 22(2), pp. 238-46.

"The Mechanics of Motivated Reasoning." Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2016, 30(3), pp. 133-40.

"Mistaking Minds and Machines: How Speech Affects Dehumanization and Anthropomorphism." Juliana Schroeder and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2016, 145(11), pp. 1427-37.

"It Pays to Be Nice, but Not Really Nice: Asymmetric Reputations from Prosociality across 7 Countries." Nadav Klein, Igor Grossmann, Ayse K. Uskul, Alexandra A. Kraus and Nicholas Epley; Judgment and Decision Making, 2015, 10(4), pp. 355-64.

"The Sound of Intellect: Speech Reveals a Thoughtful Mind, Increasing a Job Candidate’s Appeal." Juliana Schroeder and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2015, 26(6), pp. 877-91.

"Group Discussion Improves Lie Detection." Nadav Klein and Nicholas Epley; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015, 112(24), pp. 7460-65.

"The Topography of Generosity: Asymmetric Evaluations of Prosocial Actions." Nadav Klein and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014, 143(6), pp. 2366-79.

"Mistakenly Seeking Solitude." Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014, 143(5), pp. 1980-99.

Mindwise : How We Understand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want Nicholas Epley; New York Alfred A. Knopf, 2014.

"The Mind in the Machine: Anthropomorphism Increases Trust in an Autonomous Vehicle." Adam Waytz, Joy Heafner and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2014, 52, pp. 113-17.

"The Lesser Minds Problem," Adam Waytz, Juliana Schroeder and Nicholas Epley, in Humanness and Dehumanization. P. G. Bain, J. Vaes and J.-P. Leyens, New York: Taylor and Francis, 2013, pp. 49-67.

"Disfluency Prompts Analytic Thinking—but Not Always Greater Accuracy: Response To." Adam L. Alter, Daniel M. Oppenheimer and Nicholas Epley; Cognition, 2013, 128(2), pp. 252-55.

"Motivated Mind Perception: Treating Pets as People and People as Animals," Sarah J. Gervais, Nicholas Epley, Juliana Schroeder and Adam Waytz, in Objectification and (De)Humanization. New York: Springer 2013, pp. 127-52.

"Exaggerated, Mispredicted, and Misplaced: When “It's the Thought That Counts” in Gift Exchanges." Yan Zhang and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012, 141(4), pp. 667-81.

"Social Connection Enables Dehumanization." Adam Waytz and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2012, 48(1), pp. 70-76.

"Integrations Need Both Breadth and Depth: Commentary on Zaki and Ochsner." Nicholas Epley and Tal Eyal; Psychological Inquiry, 2011, 22(3), pp. 187-92.

"Seeing Invisible Minds," Nicholas Epley, in Invisible Forces and Powerful Beliefs : Gravity, Gods, and Minds. Chicago Social Brain Network, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press Science, 2011, pp.

"The Closeness-Communication Bias: Increased Egocentrism among Friends Versus Strangers." Kenneth Savitsky, Boaz Keysar, Nicholas Epley, Travis Carter and Ashley Swanson; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2011, 47(1), pp. 269-73.

"Making Sense by Making Sentient: Effectance Motivation Increases Anthropomorphism." Adam Waytz, Carey K. Morewedge, Nicholas Epley, George Monteleone, Jia-Hong Gao and John T. Cacioppo; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010, 99(3), pp. 410-35.

"Mind Perception," Nicholas Epley and Adam Waytz, in Handbook of Social Psychology, Fifth Edition. S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert and G. Lindzey, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010, pp. 2 v. (xv, 1464, 118 p.).

"Who Sees Human?" Adam Waytz, John Cacioppo and Nicholas Epley; Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2010, 5(3), pp. 219-32.

"Social Cognition Unbound." Adam Waytz, Nicholas Epley and John T. Cacioppo; Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2010, 19(1), pp. 58-62.

"Anchoring Unbound." Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2010, 20(1), pp. 20-24.

"Reflexively Mindblind: Using Theory of Mind to Interpret Behavior Requires Effortful Attention." Shuhong Lin, Boaz Keysar and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2010, 46(3), pp. 551-56.

"How to Seem Telepathic." Tal Eyal and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2010, 21(5), pp. 700-05.

"The Intentional Mind and the Hot Hand: Perceiving Intentions Makes Streaks Seem Likely to Continue." Eugene M. Caruso, Adam Waytz and Nicholas Epley; Cognition, 2010, 116(1), pp. 149-53.

"Causes and Consequences of Mind Perception." Adam Waytz, Kurt Gray, Nicholas Epley and Daniel M. Wegner; Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2010, 14(8), pp. 383-88.

"Perspective Taking," Nicholas Epley and Adam Waytz, in Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. H. T. Reis and S. Sprecher, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications, 2009, pp.

"Perspective Taking: Misstepping into Others’ Shoes," Nicholas Epley and Eugene M. Caruso, in Handbook of Imagination and Mental Simulation. K. D. Markman, W. M. Klein and J. A. Suhr, New York: Psychology Press, 2009, pp. 295-309.

"Science and God: An Automatic Opposition between Ultimate Explanations." Jesse Preston and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2009, 45(1), pp. 238-41.

"When the Best Appears to Be Saved for Last: Serial Position Effects on Choice." Ye Li and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2009, 22(4), pp. 378-89.

"Self-Centered Social Exchange: Differential Use of Costs Versus Benefits in Prosocial Reciprocity." Yan Zhang and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009, 97(5), pp. 796-810.

"Believers' Estimates of God's Beliefs Are More Egocentric Than Estimates of Other People's Beliefs." Nicholas Epley, Benjamin A. Converse, Alexa Delbosc, George A. Monteleone and John T. Cacioppo; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009, 106(51), pp. 21533-38.

"Egocentrism," Benjamin A. Converse and Nicholas Epley, in Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology. N. J. Salkind and K. Rasmussen, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2008, pp. 327-28.

"Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Enhancement in Self-Recognition." Nicholas Epley and Erin Whitchurch; Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008, 34(9), pp. 1159-70.

"In the Mood to Get over Yourself: Mood Affects Theory-of-Mind Use." Benjamin A. Converse, Shuhong Lin, Boaz Keysar and Nicholas Epley; Emotion, 2008, 8(5), pp. 725-30.

"Reciprocity Is Not Give and Take." Boaz Keysar, Benjamin A. Converse, Jiunwen Wang and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2008, 19(12), pp. 1280-86.

"When We Need a Human: Motivational Determinants of Anthropomorphism." Nicholas Epley, Adam Waytz, Scott Akalis and John T. Cacioppo; Social Cognition, 2008, 26(2), pp. 143-55.

"Creating Social Connection through Inferential Reproduction: Loneliness and Perceived Agency in Gadgets, Gods, and Greyhounds." Nicholas Epley, Scott Akalis, Adam Waytz and John T. Cacioppo; Psychological Science, 2008, 19(2), pp. 114-20.

"Knowing Too Much: Using Private Knowledge to Predict How One Is Viewed by Others." John R. Chambers, Nicholas Epley, Kenneth Savitsky and Paul D. Windschitl; Psychological Science, 2008, 19(6), pp. 542-48.

"Prospect Theory," Ayelet Gneezy and Nicholas Epley, in Encyclopedia of Social Psychology. R. F. Baumeister and K. D. Vohs, Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 711-14.

"Base Rate Fallacy," Nicholas Epley, in Encyclopedia of Social Psychology. R. F. Baumeister and K. D. Vohs, Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2007, pp. 102-03.

"On Seeing Human: A Three-Factor Theory of Anthropomorphism." Nicholas Epley, Adam Waytz and John T. Cacioppo; Psychological Review, 2007, 114(4), pp. 864-86.

"Overcoming Intuition: Metacognitive Difficulty Activates Analytic Reasoning." Adam L. Alter, Daniel M. Oppenheimer, Nicholas Epley and Rebecca N. Eyre; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2007, 136(4), pp. 569-76.

"Unfixed Resources: Perceived Costs, Consumption, and the Accessible Account Effect." Carey K. Morewedge, Leif Holtzman and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Consumer Research, 2007, 34(4), pp. 459-67.

"Is Subliminal Persuasion a Myth?," Anthony R. Pratkanis, Nicholas Epley, Kenneth Savitsky and Robert A. Kachelski, in Taking Sides. Clashing Views in Social Psychology. J. A. Nier, Dubuque, Iowa: McGraw-Hill Education, 2007, pp. 230-55.

"The Framing of Financial Windfalls and Implications for Public Policy." Nicholas Epley and Ayelet Gneezy; Journal of Socio-Economics, 2007, 36(1), pp. 36-47.

"The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Perspective Taking in Groups," Eugene M. Caruso, Nicholas Epley and Max H. Bazerman, in Ethics in Groups (Research on Managing Groups and Teams, Volume 8 Ethics in Groups. E. Mannix and M. Neale, Bingley: Emerald Group, 2006, pp. 201-24.

"The Mixed Blessings of Self-Knowledge in Behavioral Prediction: Enhanced Discrimination but Exacerbated Bias." Nicholas Epley and David Dunning; Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2006, 32(5), pp. 641-55.

"The Costs and Benefits of Undoing Egocentric Responsibility Assessments in Groups." Eugene Caruso, Nicholas Epley and Max H. Bazerman; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006, 91(5), pp. 857-71.

"Bonus or Rebate?: The Impact of Income Framing on Spending and Saving." Nicholas Epley, Dennis Mak and Lorraine Chen Idson; Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2006, 19(3), pp. 213-27.

"The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic. Why the Adjustments Are Insufficient." Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Psychological Science, 2006, 17(4), pp. 311-18.

"Psychology, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy." On Amir, Dan Ariely, Alan Cooke, David Dunning, Nicholas Epley, Uri Gneezy, Botond Koszegi, Donald Lichtenstein, Nina Mazar, Sendhil Mullainathan, Drazen Prelec, Eldar Shafir and Jose Silva; Marketing Letters, 2005, 16(3 - 4), pp. 443-54.

"Explanations Versus Applications." Jesse Preston and Nicholas Epley; Psychological Science, 2005, 16(10), pp. 826-32.

"When What You Type Isn't What They Read: The Perseverance of Stereotypes and Expectancies over E-Mail." Nicholas Epley and Justin Kruger; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2005, 41(4), pp. 414.

"When Effortful Thinking Influences Judgmental Anchoring: Differential Effects of Forewarning and Incentives on Self-Generated and Externally Provided Anchors." Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2005, 18(3), pp. 199-212.

"The Unpacking Effect in Allocations of Responsibility for Group Tasks." Kenneth Savitsky, Leaf Van Boven, Nicholas Epley and Wayne M. Wight; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2005, 27(3), pp. 447-57.

"A Tale of Tuned Decks? Anchoring as Adjustment and Anchoring as Activation," Nicholas Epley, in Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making. D. J. Koehler and N. Harvey, Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2004, pp. 240-56.

"Are Adjustments Insufficient?" Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004, 30(4), pp. 447-60.

"Perspective Taking as Egocentric Anchoring and Adjustment." Nicholas Epley, Boaz Keysar, Leaf Van Boven and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 2004, 87(3), pp. 327-39.

"Egocentric Ethics." Nicholas Epley and Eugene M. Caruso; Social Justice Research, 2004, 17(2), pp. 171-87.

"Balance Where It Really Counts: Comment." Nicholas Epley, Leaf Van Boven and Eugene M. Caruso; Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 2004, 27(3), pp. 333.

"Perspective Taking as Egocentric Anchoring and Adjustment." Nicholas Epley, Leaf van Boven, Boaz Keysar and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 2004, 87(3), pp. 327-39.

"Perspective Taking in Children and Adults: Equivalent Egocentrism but Differential Correction." Nicholas Epley, Carey K. Morewedge and Boaz Keysar; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2004, 40(6), pp. 760-68.

"The Unpacking Effect in Evaluative Judgments: When the Whole Is Less Than the Sum of Its Parts." Leaf Van Boven and Nicholas Epley; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2003, 39(3), pp. 263-69.

Mental Correction as Serial, Effortful, Confirmatory, and Insufficient Adjustment; Nicholas Stephen Epley; Ph.D Dissertation, Cornell University, 2002.

"Empathy Neglect: Reconciling the Spotlight Effect and the Correspondence Bias." Nicholas Epley, Kenneth Savitsky and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 2002, 83(2), pp. 300-12.

"Putting Adjustment Back in the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic," Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich, in Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. T. Gilovich, D. Griffin and D. Kahneman, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 139-49.

"Do Others Judge Us as Harshly as We Think? Overestimating the Impact of Our Failures, Shortcomings, and Mishaps." Kenneth Savitsky, Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 2001, 81(1), pp. 44-56.

"Putting Adjustment Back in the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic: Differential Processing of Self-Generated and Experimenter-Provided Anchors." Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Psychological Science, 2001, 12(5), pp. 391-96.

"Feeling "Holier Than Thou": Are Self-Serving Assessments Produced by Errors in Self- or Social Prediction?" Nicholas Epley and David Dunning; Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 2000, 79(6), pp. 861-75.

"What Every Skeptic Should Know About Subliminal Persuasion." Nicholas Epley, Kenneth Savitsky and Robert A. Kachelski; Skeptical Inquirer, 1999, 23(September/October), pp. 40-45,58.

"Just Going Along: Nonconscious Priming and Conformity to Social Pressure." Nicholas Epley and Thomas Gilovich; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1999, 35(6), pp. 578-89.

"Suspicion, Affective Response, and Educational Benefit as a Result of Deception in Psychology Research." Nicholas Epley and Chuck Huff; Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 1998, 24(7), pp. 759-68.