Selected Bibliography for Steven Levitt

William B. Ogden Distinguished Service Professor in Economics and the College

Published Works

"What Field Experiments Have and Have Not Taught Us About Managing Workers." Steven D. Levitt and Susanne Neckermann; Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2014, 30(4), pp. 639-57.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grv003

"The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker Evidence from the World Series of Poker." Steven D. Levitt and Thomas J. Miles; Journal of Sports Economics, 2014, 15(1), pp. 31-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002512449471

"What Can Be Done to Improve Struggling High Schools?" Julie Berry Cullen, Steven D. Levitt, Erin Robertson and Sally Sadoff; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2013, 27(2), pp. 133-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.2.133

"Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Assembly Plant." Steven D. Levitt, John A. List and Chad Syverson; Journal of Political Economy, 2013, 121(4), pp. 643-81.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671137

"Measuring Crack Cocaine and Its Impact." Roland G. Fryer, Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt and Kevin M. Murphy; Economic Inquiry, 2013, 51(3), pp. 1651-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00506.x

"Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children." Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 2013, 103(2), pp. 981-1005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.2.981

"Identifying Terrorists Using Banking Data." Steven D. Levitt; B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 2012, 13(3).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1935-1682.3282

"Hatred and Profits: Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan." Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2012, 127(4), pp. 1883-925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs028

"Was There Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments." Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2011, 3(1), pp. 224-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.1.224

"Predicting and Preventing Shootings among at-Risk Youth." Dana Chandler, Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; American Economic Review, 2011, 101(3), pp. 288-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.288

"Checkmate: Exploring Backward Induction among Chess Players." Steven D. Levitt, John A. List and Sally E. Sadoff; American Economic Review, 2011, 101(2), pp. 975-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.975

"The Plight of Mixed-Race Adolescents." Roland G. Fryer, Lisa Kahn, Steven D. Levitt and Jörg L. Spenkuch; Review of Economics and Statistics, 2012, 94(3), pp. 621-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00252

"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury." Joseph J. Doyle, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; Economic Inquiry, 2010, 48(3), pp. 521-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00170.x

"An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics." Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010, 2(2), pp. 210-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.2.2.210

"What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring whether Professionals Play Minimax in laboratory Experiments." Steven D. Levitt, John A. List and David H. Reiley; Econometrica, 2010, 78(4), pp. 1413-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ECTA7405

"Can Field Experiments Return Agricultural Economics to the Glory Days?" David H. Herberich, Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2009, 91(5), pp. 1259-65.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=45270534

"The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Teen Childbearing." John J. Donohue, III, Jeffrey Grogger and Steven D. Levitt; American Law and Economics Review, 2009, 11(1), pp. 24-46.
http://aler.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/24

Superfreakonomics : Global Cooling, Patriotic Prostitutes, and Why Suicide Bombers Should Buy Life Insurance; Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner; New York: William Morrow, 2009

"Field Experiments in Economics: The Past, the Present, and the Future." Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; European Economic Review, 2009, 53(1), pp. 1-18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2008.12.001

"Homo Economicus Evolves." Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; Science, 2008, 319(5865), pp. 909-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1153640

"Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study." Roland G. Fryer, Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; American Economic Review, 2008, 98(2), pp. 370-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.370

"Market Distortions When Agents Are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions." Steven D. Levitt and Chad Syverson; Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 90(4), pp. 599-611.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.4.599

"Antitrust Implications of Outcomes When Home Sellers Use Flat-Fee Real Estate Agents." Steven D. Levitt and Chad Syverson; Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, 2008, 2008, pp. 47-93.
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/brookings-wharton_papers_on_urban_affairs/v2008/2008.levitt.html

"What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?" Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007, 21(2), pp. 153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.2.153

"Viewpoint: On the Generalizability of Lab Behaviour to the Field." Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'economique, 2007, 40(2), pp. 347-70.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00412.x

"What Does Performance in Graduate School Predict? Graduate Economics Education and Student Outcomes." Susan Athey, Lawrence F. Katz, Alan B. Krueger, Steven Levitt and James Poterba; American Economic Review, 2007, 97(2), pp. 512-18.
http:/dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.2.512

"The Effect of School Choice on Participants: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries." Julie Berry Cullen, Brian A. Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; Econometrica, 2006, 74(5), pp. 1191-230.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00702.x

"The Black-White Test Score Gap through Third Grade." Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; American Law and Economics Review., 2006, 8(2), pp. 249-81.
http://aler.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/8/2/249

"White-Collar Crime Writ Small: A Case Study of Bagels, Donuts, and the Honor System." Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 2006, 96(2), pp. 290-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806777212161

"Why Good Schools Are Bad for Your Kids..." Etelka Lehoczky and Steven Levitt; Money, 2005, 34(5), pp. 48A-48B.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=16795002

Freakonomics : A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything; Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner; New York: William Morrow, 2005

"Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from Weakest Link*." Steven D Levitt; Journal of Law and Economics, 2004, 47(2), pp. 431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/425591

"The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names." Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2004, 119(3), pp. 767-805.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=bth&an=13928938

"What the Bagel Man Saw." Stephen J. Dubner and Steven D. Levitt, New York Times Magazine, June 6, 2004, 62.

"Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors That Explain the Decline and Six That Do Not." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004, 18(1), pp. 163-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533004773563485

"Why Are Gambling Markets Organised So Differently from Financial Markets?" Steven D. Levitt; Economic Journal, 2004, 114(495), pp. 223-46.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00207.x

"Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School." Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, 86(2), pp. 447-64.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=13029693

"An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders." Ilyana Kuziemko and Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Public Economics, 2004, 88(9-10), pp. 2043-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(03)00020-3

"Further Evidence That Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce." John J. Donohue, III and Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Human Resources, 2004, 39(1), pp. 29-49.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=12321218

"The Economics of Education." Steven D. Levitt; NBER Reporter, 2003, (Winter).
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=12144618

"Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating." Brian A. Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2003, 118(3), pp. 843-77.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=10800345

"Catching Cheating Teachers: The Results of an Unusual Experiment in Implementing Theory." Brian A. Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, 2003, pp. 185-209.
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/brookings-wharton_papers_on_urban_affairs/v2003/2003.1jacob02.pdf

"Prison Conditions, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence." Lawrence Katz, Steven D. Levitt and Ellen Shustorovich; American Law and Economics Review, 2003, 5(2), pp. 318-43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahg014

"Review of Drug War Heresies by Maccoun and Reuter." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Economic Literature, 2003, 41(2), pp. 540-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/002205103765762752

"An Examination of the Influence of Theory and Individual Theorists on Empirical Research in Microeconomics." Pierre-André Chiappori and Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 2003, 93(2), pp. 151-55.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282803321946967

"Honoring James Heckman's Contributions to Economics: Identification, Heterogeneity, and Economic Models." Steven D. Levitt; Law and Social Inquiry, 2002, 27( 1), pp. 35.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=6467107

"Deterrence," Steven D. Levitt, in J. Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia: Crime : Public Policies for Crime Control. Oakland, Calif.: ICS Press, 2002, pp. x, 705 p.

"Testing the Economic Model of Crime: The National Hockey League's Two Referee Experiment." Steven D. Levitt; Contributions to Economic Analysis and Policy, 2002, 1(1).
http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/contributions/vol1/iss1/art2

"Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effects of Police on Crime: Reply." Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 2002, 92(4), pp. 1244-50.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28200209%2992%3A4%3C1244%3AUECIPH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E

"Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling." Mark Duggan and Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 2002, 92(5), pp. 1594-605.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28200212%2992%3A5%3C1594%3AWIECIS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A

"Testing Mixed-Strategy Equilibria When Players Are Heterogeneous: The Case of Penalty Kicks in Soccer." Pierre-André Chiappori, Steven D. Levitt and T. Groseclose; American Economic Review, 2002, 92(4), pp. 1138-51.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28200209%2992%3A4%3C1138%3ATMEWPA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

"Alternative Strategies for Identifying the Link between Unemployment and Crime." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2001, 17( 4), pp. 377.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012541821386

"Growing up in the Projects: The Economic Lives of a Cohort of Men Who Came of Age in Chicago Public Housing." Steven D. Levitt and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh; American Economic Review, 2001, 91(2), pp. 79-84.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28200105%2991%3A2%3C79%3AGUITPT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

"The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime." John J. Donohue, III and Steven D. Levitt; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001, 116(2), pp. 379-420.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=4438427

"The Impact of Race on Policing and Arrests." John J. Donohue, III and Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Law and Economics, 2001, 44(2), pp. 367-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/322810

"Sample Selection in the Estimation of Air Bag and Seat Belt Effectiveness." Steven D. Levitt and Jack Porter; Review of Economics and Statistics, 2001, 83(4), pp. 603-15.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=5523376

"How Dangerous Are Drinking Drivers?" Steven D. Levitt and Jack Porter; Journal of Political Economy, 2001, 109(6), pp. 1198-237.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3808%28200112%29109%3A6%3C1198%3AHDADD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I

"The Determinants of Juvenile Crime," Steven D. Levitt and Lance Lochner, in J. Gruber: Risky Behavior among Youths: An Economic Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, pp. 327-73

""Are We a Family or a Business?" History and Disjuncture in the Urban American Street Gang." Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh and Steven D. Levitt; Theory and Society, 2000, 29( 4), pp. 427.
http://www.metapress.com/link.asp?id=p21223734272628g

"An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances." Steven D. Levitt and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000, 115(3), pp. 755-89.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=3474881

"The Limited Role of Changing Age Structure in Explaining Aggregate Crime Rates." Steven D. Levitt; Criminology, 1999, 37(3), pp. 581.
http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/crim37&id=597&collection=journals

"Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance." Steven D. Levitt and James M. Poterba; Public Choice, 1999, 99(1-2), pp. 185-216.
http://www.metapress.com/link.asp?id=j365643822980g33

"Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities." Julie Berry Cullen and Steven D. Levitt; Review of Economics and Statistics, 1999, 81(2), pp. 159-69.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0034-6535%28199905%2981%3A2%3C159%3ACUFATC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

"The Changing Relationship between Income and Crime Victimization." Steven D. Levitt; Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 1999, 5(3), pp. 87-98.
http://www.ny.frb.org/research/epr/99v05n3/9909levi.pdf

"Comparing Interest Group Scores across Time and Chambers: Adjusted Ada Scores for the U S Congress." Tim Groseclose, Steven D. Levitt and James M. Snyder, Jr.; American Political Science Review, 1999, 93(1), pp. 33-50.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0554%28199903%2993%3A1%3C33%3ACIGSAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F

"Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation." Daniel Kessler and Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Law and Economics, 1999, 42(1), pp. 343-63.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2186%28199904%2942%3A1%3C343%3AUSETDB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

"The Economics of Crime and the Criminal Justice System." Steven D. Levitt; NBER Reporter, 1998, (Fall).
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=1343647

"The Hazards of Moral Hazard: Comment on Goff, Shughart, and Tollison." Steven D. Levitt; Economic Inquiry, 1998, 36(4), pp. 685-87.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=35463490&sid=2&Fmt=4&clientId=13392&RQT=309&VName=PQD

"Are Pacs Trying to Influence Politicians or Voters?" Steven D. Levitt; Economics and Politics, 1998, 10(1), pp. 19-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00036

"Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?" Steven D. Levitt; Economic Inquiry, 1998, 36(3), pp. 353-72.
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=32231332&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientId=13392&RQT=309&VName=PQD

"The Relationship between Crime Reporting and Police: Implications for the Use of Uniform Crime Reports." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1998, 14(1), pp. 61-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023096425367

"Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack." Ian Ayres and Steven D. Levitt; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998, 113(1), pp. 43-77.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0033-5533%28199802%29113%3A1%3C43%3AMPEFUV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B

"Guns, Violence, and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets." John J. Donohue, III and Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 1998, 88(2), pp. 463-67.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28199805%2988%3A2%3C463%3AGVATEO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P

"Juvenile Crime and Punishment." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Political Economy, 1998, 106(6), pp. 1156-85.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3808%28199812%29106%3A6%3C1156%3AJCAP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G

"A Skeptical but Sympathetic Appraisal of the Prospects for Nurturant Crime-Control Policies." Steven D. Levitt; Politics & the Life Sciences, 1997, 16( 1), pp. 34.

"Incentive Compatibility Constraints as an Explanation for the Use of Prison Sentences Instead of Fines." Steven D. Levitt; International Review of Law and Economics, 1997, 17(2), pp. 179-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(97)00002-1

"Decomposing the Sources of Incumbency Advantage in the U. S. House." Steven D. Levitt and Catherine D. Wolfram; Legislative Studies Quarterly, 1997, 22(1), pp. 45-60.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0362-9805%28199702%2922%3A1%3C45%3ADTSOIA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

"The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes." Steven D. Levitt and James M. Snyder, Jr.; Journal of Political Economy, 1997, 105(1), pp. 30-53.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3808%28199702%29105%3A1%3C30%3ATIOFSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G

"Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime." Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 1997, 87(3), pp. 270-90.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28199706%2987%3A3%3C270%3AUECIPH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V

"Is No News Bad News? Information Transmission and the Role of "Early Warning" in the Principal-Agent Model." Steven D. Levitt and Christopher M. Snyder; The Rand Journal of Economics, 1997, 28(4), pp. 641-61.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0741-6261%28199724%2928%3A4%3C641%3AINNBNI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

"The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation." Steven D. Levitt; Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1996, 111(2), pp. 319-51.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0033-5533%28199605%29111%3A2%3C319%3ATEOPPS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6

"How Do Senators Vote? Disentangling the Role of Voter Preferences, Party Affiliation, and Senator Ideology." Steven D. Levitt; American Economic Review, 1996, 86(3), pp. 425-41.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28199606%2986%3A3%3C425%3AHDSVDT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H

"Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal Outlays." Steven D. Levitt and James M. Snyder, Jr.; American Journal of Political Science, 1995, 39(4), pp. 958-80.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0092-5853%28199511%2939%3A4%3C958%3APPATDO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P

"Congressional Campaign Finance Reform." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, 9( 1), pp. 183.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0895-3309%28199524%299%3A1%3C183%3APWCCFR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

"Policy Watch: Congressional Campaign Finance Reform." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, 9(1), pp. 183-93.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0895-3309%28199524%299%3A1%3C183%3APWCCFR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

"Optimal Incentive Schemes When Only the Agents' "Best" Output Matters to the Principal." Steven D. Levitt; The RAND Journal of Economics, 1995, 26(4), pp. 744-60.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0741-6261%28199524%2926%3A4%3C744%3AOISWOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P

"Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance." James M. Poterba and Steven D. Levitt; NBER Reporter, 1994, (Spring), pp. 57.
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=9501263050

Four Essays in Positive Political Economy; Steven David Levitt; Ph.D Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994.
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11964

"An Empirical Test of Competing Explanations for the Midterm Gap in the U S House." Steven D. Levitt; Economics and Politics, 1994, 6(1), pp. 25-37.

"Using Repeat Challengers to Estimate the Effect of Campaign Spending on Election Outcomes in the U.S. House." Steven D. Levitt; Journal of Political Economy, 1994, 102(4), pp. 777-98.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3808%28199408%29102%3A4%3C777%3AURCTET%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C

Working Papers

Enhancing the Efficacy of Teacher Incentives through Loss Aversion: A Field Experiment; Roland G. Fryer, Jr., Steven D. Levitt, John List and Sally Sadoff; NBER Working Paper Series No. 18237; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w18237

The Behavioralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Educational Performance; Steven D. Levitt, John A. List, Susanne Neckermann and Sally Sadoff; NBER Working Paper Series No. 18165; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w18165

The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker; Steven D. Levitt and Thomas J. Miles; NBER Working Paper Series No. 17023; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w17023

Checkmate: Exploring Backward Induction among Chess Players; Steven D. Levitt, John A. List and Sally E. Sadoff; NBER Working Paper Series No. 15610; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15610

What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments; Steven D. Levitt, John A. List and David H. Reiley, Jr.; NBER Working Paper Series No.15609; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15609

Professionals Do Not Play Minimax: Evidence from Major League Baseball and the National Football League; Kenneth Kovash and Steven D. Levitt; NBER Working Paper Series No. 15347; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15347

An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics; Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; NBER Working Paper Series No. 15430; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15430

Was There Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments; Steven D. Levitt and John A. List; NBER Working Paper Series No. 15016; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15016

Hatred and Profits: Getting under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan; Roland G. Fryer, Jr. and Steven D. Levitt; NBER Working Paper Series no. 13417; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w13417

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury; Steven D. Levitt and Joseph J. Doyle; NBER working paper series ; no. w12519; Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w12519

An Economist Sells Bagels: A Case Study in Profit Maximization; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ; no. w12152; Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w12152

Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children; Roland G. Fryer and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ; no. w12066; Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w12066

Measurement Error, Legalized Abortion, and the Decline in Crime
A Response to Foote and Goetz (2005); John J. Donohue and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ; no. w11987; Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w11987

Evidence That Seat Belts Are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up Steven D. Levitt; NBER Working Papers Series no. 11591; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/W11591

Measuring the Impact of Crack Cocaine; Roland G. Fryer, Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt and Kevin M. Murphy; NBER Working Papers Series no. 11318; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/W11318

The Black-White Test Score Gap through Third Grade; Roland G. Fryer and Steven D. Levitt; NBER Working Paper Series No. 11049; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/W11049

Market Distortions When Agents Are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions; Steven D. Levitt and Chad Syverson; NBER Working Paper Series No. 11053; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/W11053

Further Evidence That Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime a Reply to Joyce; John J. Donohue and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 9532.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/w9532

The Effect of School Choice on Student Outcomes Evidence from Randomized Lotteries; Julie Berry Cullen, Brian Aaron Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 10113; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/w10113

The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names; Roland G. Fryer and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 9938.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W9938

Testing Theories of Discrimination : Evidence from Weakest Link; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 9449.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W9449

Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School; Roland G. Fryer and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 8975; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w8975

How do Markets Function? An Empirical Analysis of Gambling on the National Football League; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 9422; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
http://nber.org/papers/w9422

Catching Cheating Teachers the Results of an Unusual Experiment in Implementing Theory; Brian Aaron Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 9414; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/w9414

Rotten Apples an Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating; Brian Aaron Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 9413; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/w9413

An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders; Ilyana Kuziemko and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 8489; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W8489

The Impact of School Choice on Student Outcomes : An Analysis of the Chicago Public Schools; Julie Berry Cullen, Brian Aaron Jacob and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 7888.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W7888

The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime; John J. Donohue and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series ;; no. 8004; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W8004

Winning Isn't Everything : Corruption in Sumo Wrestling; Mark G. Duggan and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 7798.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W7798

Sample Selection in the Estimation of Air Bags and Seat Belt Effectiveness; Steven D. Levitt and Jack Ray Porter; NBER working paper series no. 7210.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/w7210

Estimating the Effect of Alcohol on Driver Risk Using Only Fatal Accident Statistics; Steven D. Levitt and Jack Ray Porter; NBER working paper series no. 6944.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w6944

An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances; Steven D. Levitt and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh; NBER working paper series no. 6592.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w6592

The Impact of Race on Policing, Arrest Patterns, and Crime; John J. Donohue and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 6784.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w6784

Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation; Daniel P. Kessler and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 6484.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w6484

Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution : An Empirical Analysis of Lojack; Ian Ayres and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 5928.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/5928

Juvenile Crime and Punishment; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 6191.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w6191

Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities; Julie Berry Cullen and Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 5737.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W5737

The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes; Steven D. Levitt and James M. Snyder; NBER working paper series no. 5002.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W5002

Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 4991.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W4991

Why do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime : Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 5268.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W5268

The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates : Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation; Steven D. Levitt; NBER working paper series no. 5119.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
http://www.nber.org/papers/W5119

Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance; Steven D. Levitt and James M. Poterba; NBER working paper series no. 4721.; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
http://papers.nber.org/papers/4721

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